<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Article Tag Suite 1.1//EN"
  "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         article-type="Research Paper"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Materia Novum: The Journal of Homoeopathy</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Materia Novum</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2583-4398</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Materia Novum: The Journal of Homoeopathy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">MNH180003</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Efficacy of Individualized Homoeopathic Medicines in cases of Halitosis  of age group 3 to 18 years: A Case Series.</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shaikh</surname>
            <given-names>Farahnaz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nimbhore</surname>
            <given-names>Gayatri</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Valke</surname>
            <given-names>Ajay</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rohom</surname>
            <given-names>Sonali</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yadav</surname>
            <given-names>Subhash</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nair</surname>
            <given-names>Smita </given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bagul</surname>
            <given-names>Pavan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bezekar</surname>
            <given-names>Rutuja</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dhatrak</surname>
            <given-names>Prathamesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">MNH</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-03">
        <month>04</month>
        <day>03</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>18</elocation-id>
      <abstract>
        <p>Halitosis or breath odor is defined as an unpleasant or offensive odor emanating 
from the mouth In the general population, halitosis has a prevalence ranging from 50% in the 
USA to between 6% and 23% in China, and a recent study had revealed a prevalence of self- 
reported halitosis among Indian dental students ranging from 21.7% in males to 35.3% in 
females. The homoeopathic studies on halitosis are very much limited and thus the research 
wants to know the importance of homoeopathic management in cases of halitosis. Aim and 
Objectives: This research aimed primarily to explore the efficacy of Individualized 
Homoeopathic Medicine in cases of Halitosis of age group 3 to 18 years. The secondary 
objectives is to know the prevalence and to find out the most commonly indicated homeopathic 
medicine. Materials and Methods: A thorough case-taking process, guided by Homoeopathic 
principles, was conducted on 45 participants having halitosis. The Organoleptic Scale was 
utilized to gauge halitosis. Indicated Homoeopathic medicines were prescribed based on 
symptom totality. Regular assessments, follow-ups, and statistical analysis using t-tests and 
Microsoft Excel were integral components of the methodology. Results: The result reveals 
80% participants shown improvement in halitosis after homoeopathic intervention while 20% 
shown resistant to the improvement and statistically the study is highly significant as collected t 
value (13.33) exceeded the table t value of 2.02 at 5% significance. Conclusion: The study 
found that the indicated homoeopathic medicines exhibited a notable effect in ameliorating the 
halitosis, assessed by organoleptic scale of age group 3 to 18 years.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Halitosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Organoleptic Scale</kwd>
        <kwd>Homoeopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Individualized.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <!-- Full article body not available in metadata-only JATS export. See PDF/HTML galley. -->
  </body>
  <back/>
</article>
